Meet Eye Physician Dr. Schallhorn

San Diego and Southern California

San Diego Eye physician, Dr. Steven Schallhorn, MD,  recently retired United States Navy Captain, is the former Director of Cornea Service and Refractive Surgery at the Naval Medical Center San Diego and the Refractive Surgery Program Manager for the United States Navy.  Dr. Schallhorn

created and initiated the first refractive surgery programs for the US Armed Forces that studied the visual recovery and performance characteristic of PRK and LASIK before excimer lasers were FDA approved.  

I'm ecstatic I finally had this done. I have no doubt I chose the right doctor!

— M.A.H.

A graduate of the University of Uniformed Services School of Health Sciences with a medical degree in 1988, Dr. Schallhorn served as a medical officer in 1990 for the US Navy after completing his internship.  He is certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology.

Dr. Schallhorn was the first surgeon in the US Department of Defense to perform LASIK and PRK procedures and implant phakic intraocular lenses.  His many honors include the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Award for Excellence in Military Medicine, the Lans Distinguished Refractive Surgeon award presented by the International Society of Refractive Surgeons and the American Academy of Ophthalmology, October 2004 and the Navy Legion of Merit medal.   

An avid researcher, Dr. Schallhorn served as a clinical investigator on numerous Food & Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trials over the past 25-years.  He has presented more than 200 clinical papers and has made countless presentations throughout America, Europe and Asia.   

Dr. Schallhorn is recognized by his peers as an expert in refractive surgery and in anterior segment surgery and is one of only a small group of excimer laser instructors in the US.  He receives numerous requests to instruct at optical training courses nationwide.  He is a visiting professor of medicine at Harvard, USC, UCSF, Baylor and other universities.

Dr. Schallhorn serves as a consultant to National Aeronautics and Space Administration  (NASA) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).  He is an advisor for refractive surgery to Australia, Canada, France, Great Britain, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan and Turkey.  He also has worked with all five branches of the US Armed Forces including the US Air Force, Army, and Coast Guard.

He has served as an American Society for Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) representative at the annual meetings in Russia and Singapore and as the American Academy of Ophthalmology representative at their meetings in the Philippines.  He has chaired the  American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Refractive Ophthalmic Technology Assessment committee and the AAO Refractive Surgery knowledge base committee, executive steering committee member of the AAO Refractive Surgery Interest Group, contributor to the AAO basic science curriculum in Refractive Surgery,  and Executive Committee member of the International Society of Refractive Surgery (ISRS).  

Before entering medical school, Dr Schallhorn had a successful career as a Naval Aviator and TOPGUN instructor in the US Navy.  During that time he instituted and directed a multi-year project that resulted in enhanced combat survivability of aircrew through the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (NAMRL).  While he was a TOPGUN instructor at Miramar, screenwriter Jack Epps, Jr. interviewed him as the basis for the movie “Top Gun.”  Though the movie is a fictitious portrayal of Naval Aviation, many of the events in the movie were based on stories relayed by Dr. Schallhorn.

Dr Schallhorn is the recipient of numerous military and academic awards and honors, including:

• Selection for Alpha Omega Alpha medical honors society
• Honors medical school graduate (ranked in the top 5% of his class)
• Designated “Fellow of the Year” at Doheny Eye Institute (1995/96) during the period of  his 2-year fellowship training in Cornea and External Disease.
• The Joint Chiefs of Staff Award for Excellence in Military Medicine (1997) presented by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (General John M. Shalikashvili) and American patriot Zachary Fisher - the award included a $50,000 research grant.
• The Navy Legion of Merit, the highest non-combat medal in the military, awarded for performance of meritorious service to the United States for his work in refractive surgery
• Distinguished Lans Refractive Surgery Award (2004) by the International Society of  Refractive Surgery (ISRS), a 3,500-member worldwide medical research organization comprised of leading eye care experts in vision correction surgery.
• Selected by his peers to be included as one of the Best Doctors in America 2005-2006.
• Voted one of the "TOP 50 Opinion Leaders" for Outstanding Contribution and Leadership in the Fields of Cataract and Refractive Surgery in 2006.
• Selected to give the prestigious keynote address, the Binkhorst Lecture, at the 2007 annual meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons.

Society Memberships

• Alpha Omega Alpha
• Physics Honors Society
• American Medical Association
• Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons
• American Board of Ophthalmology
• American Academy of Ophthalmology – ‘Fellow’
• American Academy of Ophthalmology, Refractive Surgery Interest Group – ‘Executive Committee Member’
• American Academy of Ophthalmology, Refractive Surgery Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee – ‘Chairman’
• American Academy of Ophthalmology, Knowledge Assessment Committee Refractive Surgery – ‘Chairman’

Achievements, Awards and Honours

• Physics scholar, 1973-1976, top physics student at Colorado State University.
• Designated a Naval Aviator with the highest grade recorded in training squadron.
• Qualified as F-14A, A-4 and F-5 aircraft test pilot with over 2,000 flight hours.
• Winner of the 1981 annual F-14 fighter derby with the highest grade ever recorded in a scored air-to-air combat exercise.
• Instrumental in winning the coveted "Mutha" and safety award for Fighter Squadron Two, 1981-1982.
• Selected as one of the ten best carrier pilots on-board USS Ranger with over 300 arrested landings including over 100 night landings.
• Selected among hundreds of highly qualified naval officers to serve as combat instructor at the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN).
• A top lieutenant in competitive fitness reports at TOPGUN among highly screened peers while serving as training and safety officer.
• Selected from below promotion zone to the rank of Commander, USN.
• Instituted and directed the ‘visibility of air-to-air missiles’ project through the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (NAMRL). This multi-year effort resulted in enhanced combat survivability of aircrew.
• Selected in junior year of medical school for Alpha Omega Alpha honors society.
• Honors medical school graduate ranking in the top 5% of the class.
• Selected as ‘fellow of the year’ (1995/6) at the Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California.
• Instituted a comprehensive review of medical standards for operators of Landing Craft Air Cushion Vehicles (LCAC). Performance standards were established, cognizant medical oversight was instituted (NAOMI), and the SEAOPS manual was revised as a result.
• Associate investigator in the performance enhancement project for undersea warfare specialists with the Naval Health Research Center.
• Scientific reviewer for ophthalmology peer review journals; Ophthalmology, Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences.
• Principle investigator in Navy research on photorefractive keratectomy and LASIK including protocols ‘Glare Disability after Photorefractive Keratectomy’, ‘Glare Disability after Photorefractive Keratectomy – VISX’, ‘Initial Evaluation of a Night Driving Simulator after Refractive Surgery’, ‘Visual Recovery after Photorefractive Keratectomy’, ‘Evaluation of Hyperopic Photorefractive Keratectomy’, ‘Visual Performance after PRK’, ‘Contrast Sensitivity and Crew Interaction Skills; Normative Data in Student Naval Aviators’, ‘Initial Evaluation of PRK in the US Army’, ‘Night Vision Goggle Performance after PRK’, ‘Initial Evaluation of LASIK in the USN’, ‘Refractive changes during prolonged exposure to altitude following refractive surgery’, ‘Evaluation of Flight Performance in Student Naval Aviators and Flight Officers after Refractive Surgery’, ‘Corneal Reepithelialization After PRK’, ‘Comparison of Tropicamide and Cyclopentolate for Cycloplegic Refractions in Adults’, ‘National Eye Institute Refractive Error Questionnaire (NEI-RECQ) Development, Phase II’, ‘Evaluation of the Structural Integrity of the Cornea after Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)’, ‘Prospective comparison of excimer lasers systems to perform LASIK’, ‘Refractive Accuracy of the VISX Visual Analysis System’, ‘Wavefront guided PRK compared to Wavefront guided LASIK, VISX’, ‘Wavefront guided PRK compared to wavefront guided LASIK, Alcon.’
• Acknowledged expert in anterior segment surgery. Provided tertiary level care for active duty forces in the western hemisphere including penetrating keratoplasty, anterior segment reconstruction, and complicated cataract procedures. Many of these procedures involved repair of complex penetrating wounds. Highly sought by ophthalmology residents for teaching.
• First surgeon in US Department of Defense to perform PRK, LASIK, and implant phakic intraocular lenses.
• Acknowledged expert in refractive surgery. One of only a small group of excimer laser instructors in the US. Numerous requests to conduct nationwide training courses. Routinely receives consultation requests regarding refractive surgery from governmental and civilian organizations (NATO/Canadian/Australian military medical organizations, police and fire departments, major airlines, universities, etc).
• Established and directed the first military excimer laser and refractive surgery center at the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA until his retirement.
• Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Award for Excellence in Military Medicine ‘Best doctor in the military’, 1997. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (General Shalikashvili) and Zachary Fisher presented the award on 12 August, 1997. It included a $50,000 research grant.
• Lans Distinguished Refractive Surgeon award presented by the International Society of Refractive Surgeons and the American Academy of Ophthalmology, October 2004 in New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Selected as one of six executive steering committee members of the American Academy of Ophthalmology Refractive Surgery Interest Group.
• Navy Legion of Merit, Commendation, Achievement, Humanitarian, and Expeditionary medals.

Presentations and Abstracts

• "Assessment of visual performance after photorefractive keratectomy using a 6mm ablation zone" at the Annual Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Conference, Sarasota, FL, April 1994.
• "Visual performance after photorefractive keratectomy" at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Conference, Seattle, WA, May 1994.
• "Photorefractive keratectomy in the Navy" at the Annual Society of Military Ophthalmologists Conference, Chicago, IL, October 1994.
• "Preliminary results of photorefractive keratectomy in active duty U.S. Navy personnel" at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology Conference, Chicago, IL, October, 1994.
• "Aviation assessment of photorefractive keratectomy" at the Annual Aerospace Medical Association Conference, Anaheim, CA, May 95.
• "Refractive changes after exposure to high altitude following refractive surgery" at the Annual Doheny Eye Institute Conference, Los Angeles, CA, June 1995.
• "Military implications of PRK" at the 4th annual Australian Military Medicine Association Conference, Sydney, Australia, September 1995.
• "Introduction to topographic analysis" at the Annual International Association of Research on Laser Refractive Surgery Conference, Monte Carlo, Monaco, March 1996.
• "Photorefractive keratectomy in the US Navy" at the Annual International Association of Research on Laser Refractive Surgery Conference, Monte Carlo, Monaco, March 1996.
• “Analysis of motivational factors for requesting photorefractive keratectomy in US Navy personnel” at the Annual Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 1996.
• “Topographic detection of photorefractive keratectomy” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Conference, Seattle, WA, June 1996.
• “The quality of vision after photorefractive keratectomy” at the Fifth Annual Ocular Surgery News Symposium, New York, NY, October 1996.
• “Military perspective on PRK” at the Second Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology refractive surgery special interest group meeting, Chicago, IL, October 1996.
• “Analyst method use for topographical maps: sagittal versus tangential” at the American Academy of Ophthalmology speakers’ forum, Chicago, IL, October 1996.
• “Future directions of military PRK” at the Annual Federal Health Symposium, Chicago, IL, October 1996.
• "Aerospace photorefractive keratectomy considerations" at the Naval Aerospace and Operational Medicine Institute Annual Problems Course, Pensacola, FL, December, 1996.
• "Navy perspective on PRK" at the Hawaii 97 Annual Meeting, Maui, HI, January, 1997.
• “Initial Evaluation of a Night Driving Simulator after Refractive Surgery” at the Annual Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1997.
• “Refractive surgery studies in the US Armed Forces” at the Third Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology refractive surgery special interest group meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 1997.
• “Vector Analysis Outcome of Astigmatic Photorefractive Keratectomy” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Conference, San Diego, CA, 1998.
• “Visual Recovery after Photorefractive Keratectomy” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons conference, San Diego, CA, 1998.
• “Prospective Evaluation of PRK in Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center Aviators” at NAS Fallon, NV, May, 1998.
• “Prospective Evaluation of Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity after Photorefractive Keratectomy” at the Annual Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1998.
• “Is it important to measure pupil diameter preoperative?” at the Fourth Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology refractive surgery special interest group meeting, New Orleans, LA, November 1998.
• “Refractive Surgery in Military” at the First Annual Australian Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Sydney, Australia, October 1998.
• “Prospective Evaluation Plan of PRK in the NASA Mission Specialist” at the Annual NASA vision standards conference, Houston, TX, December 1998.
• “Military Entrance Standards for Refractive Surgery” at the Annual Department of Defense Medical Examination Review Board (DODMERB) meeting, West Point, NY, November 1998.
• “Pupil Size and Night Glare and Halo Symptoms after Photorefractive Keratectomy” at the Annual Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 1999.
• “Initial Evaluation of Lasik in the Us Navy” at the Annual Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 2000.
• “Refractive validity and accuracy of the VISX Wave Front device” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Conference, Boston, MA, 2000.
• “Navy Experience with Photorefractive Keratectomy” at the Annual Aerospace Medical Association meeting, Detroit, MI, April 1999.
• “Initial Evaluation of Photorefractive Keratectomy in USN and USMC Aviators” at the Annual Aerospace Medical Association meeting, Detroit, MI, April 1999.
• “Refractive Surgery in Pediatric Ophthalmology” at the Annual meeting of Pediatric Surgeons, San Diego, CA, April 2000.
• “Evaluation of Photorefractive Keratectomy in USN and USMC Aviators” at the Annual Aerospace Medical Association meeting, Houston, TX, May 2000.
• “Wavefront Patterns in Patients with Super-normal Vision” at the Annual International Society of Refractive Surgeons meeting, Miami, FL, July 2000.
• “Accuracy of the VISX WaveScan wavefront unit” at the Annual meeting of the European Society of Refractive Surgeons, Brussels, Belgium, September 2000.
• “Refractive surgery programs in the US Navy and in Naval Aviators” at the Annual British Society of Refractive Surgeons meeting, Ettington, UK, March 2001.
• “Pupil size and Mesopic contrast sensitivity affecting the quality of vision following refractive surgery” at the Annual British Society of Refractive Surgeons meeting, Ettington, UK, March 2001.
• “Flap stability following LASIK” at the Annual British Society of Refractive Surgeons meeting, Ettington, UK, March 2001.
• “Is a flat wavefront pattern necessary for super-normal vision?” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons conference, San Diego, CA, 2001.
• “Pupil Size and the Quality of Vision after Refractive Surgery” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons conference, San Diego, CA, 2001.
• “Pupil Size and the Quality of Vision after Refractive Surgery” at the Annual European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons meeting, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2001.
• “Pupil Size and Quality of Vision after LASIK”, at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, New Orleans, LA, 2001.
• “What determines the Quality of Vision after LASIK?” at the Annual Royal Hawaiian meeting, Kona, HI, 2002.
• “Does a large optical and transition zone reduce quality of vision symptoms after LASIK?” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons conference, Philadelphia, 2002.
• “Correlating Optical Aberrations to Quality of Vision After LASIK” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons conference, Philadelphia, 2002.
• “The Quality of Vision in Naval Aviators after PRK” at the Annual Aerospace Medical Association meeting, Quebec, Ontario, 2002.
• “LASIK in Naval Aviators” at the Annual Aerospace Medical Association meeting, Quebec, Ontario, 2002.
• “Wavefront aberrations in keratoconus” at the Annual European society of cataract and refractive surgery, ice, France, September, 2002.
• “The quality of vision after LASIK” at the Annual New England ophthalmic meeting, Boston, MA, September, 2002.
• “PRK in the naval aviator” at the Annual New England ophthalmic meeting, Boston, MA, September, 2002.
• “Aviation and special forces visual needs” at the Schepens Eye Institute, Boston, MA, September, 2002.
• “Preventing night vision problems after LASIK” at the Annual academy of ophthalmology meeting, Orlando, FL, November, 2002.
• “Wavefront and quality of vision” at the Annual academy of ophthalmology meeting, Orlando, FL, November, 2002.
• “Determinants of quality of vision” at the Annual Royal Hawaiian meeting, Maui, HI, January, 2003.
• “Contrast sensitivity standards in the US Navy” at the tri-service contrast sensitivity meeting, San Antonio, TX, January, 2003.
• “Wavefront as a measure of quality of vision” at the Department of Defense contrast sensitivity meeting, San Antonio, TX, February, 2003.
• “Assessing the quality of vision, a search for a Department of Defense standard” at the Annual Walter Reed refractive surgery symposium, Bethesda, MD, March, 2003.
• “Why we need Custom LASIK” at the Annual Walter Reed refractive surgery symposium, Bethesda, MD, March, 2003.
• “Quality of vision comparison between wavefront and conventional LASIK” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April, 2003.
• “Differences in aberrations induced by PRK and LASIK” at the Annual Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April, 2003.
• “Comparing advanced surface ablation to LASIK” at the Annual LASEK Congress, Cleveland, OH, May, 2003.
• “Laser refractive surgery, is the pupil important?” at the Annual British Society of Refractive Surgeons meeting, Birmingham, England, May, 2003.
• “LASIK in aviators” at the Annual Ocular Surgery News conference, New York, NY, September, 2003.
• “Night driving visual performance after LASIK” at the Annual European Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons meeting, Munich, Germany, September, 2003.
• “Refractive surgery options” at the FDA Ophthalmic device panel meeting, Bethesda, MD, October, 2003.
• “Contrast sensitivity in Naval aviators” at the USAF refractive surgery symposium, October, 2003.
• “Refractive surgery in the US Navy” presented to the Japanese Defense force, Tokyo, Japan, November, 2003.
• “Differences in quality of vision between conventional and WFG LASIK” at the Annual Japanese ophthalmic symposium, Osaka, Japan, November, 2003.
• “Clinical factors related to the quality of vision after LASIK” at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, Los Angeles, CA, November, 2003.
• “Quality of vision in wavefront versus standard ablation” at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, Los Angeles, CA, November, 2003.
• “The quality of vision with WFG LASIK” at the Royal Hawaiian meeting, Kauai, HI, January, 2004.
• “Is it important to measure pupil size?” at the Annual American College of Eye Surgeons meeting, Marco Island, FL, March 2004.
• “WFG PRK” at the annual American College of Eye Surgeons meeting, Marco Island, FL, March 2004.
• “Prospective comparison of 4 laser systems to perform LASIK” at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 2004.
• “Wavefront-guided surface ablation” at the Royal Hawaiian meeting, Hawaii, January 2005.
• “U.S. FDA Clinical Trial of the Toric Implantable Collamer Lens for Moderate to High Myopic Astigmatism” at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 2004.
• “Prospective comparison of four excimer laser systems using a night driving simulator after LASIK” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Washington DC, April 2005.
• “Determining whether the mesopic pupil predicts who will have symptoms after LASIK” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Washington DC, April 2005.
• “Why surface ablation? Reviewing the evolution of surface ablation, and the patients that benefit most from the procedure” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Washington DC, April 2005.
• “Comparison of femtosecond vs mechanical keratomes in WFG LASIK” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Washington DC, April 2005.
• “What is the optimal ablation design and wavefront shape for human vision?” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, Washington DC, April 2005.
• “Predicting the visual performance of Conventional, Optimized, and WFG LASIK” at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, Chicago, IL October 2005.
• “Wavefront treatment update” at the Annual American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, Chicago, IL October 2005.
• “U.S. Navy Study: Wavefront-Guided PRK vs. Wavefront-Guided LASIK, preliminary report” at the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, September, 2005.
• “Mitomycin-C to Modulate Wound Healing After Refractive Surgery: Is it Safe?” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, March 2006.
• “Quality of vision complications after LASIK” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, March 2006.
• “The Influence of Flap Thickness on Visual Outcomes after WFG LASIK” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, March 2006. (best paper of session)
• “Predicting night vision problems after LASIK” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, March 2006.
• “Visual Outcomes of Femtosecond and Mechanical Keratomes” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, March 2006.
• “Evaluation of Flight Performance in Student Naval Aviators after PRK” at the Aerospace Medical Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, May 2006.
• “The optimal refractive procedure for enhanced visual outcome” at the Aerospace Medical Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, May 2006.
• “Refractive surgery in naval aviation” at the Aerospace Medical Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, May 2006.

Publications

• Schallhorn SC. Division tactics. Topgun Journal, Fall 1984.
• Schallhorn SC. Visual search in the tactical arena. Topgun Journal, Spring 1986.
• Schallhorn SC. Ballistic and rocket motor plume analysis of Air-to-Air Missiles. Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory publication, May 89.
• Schallhorn SC. Visual Search in Air Combat. Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory publication 41, Mar 90.
• Schallhorn SC. Landing Craft Air Cushion Vehicles (LCAC) Crew Medical Standards. Sea Operations Manual LCAC 91.
• Cushman WB, Schallhorn SC, et al. Plume: Instructions for Use and Description of a Missile Plume Visibility Program. Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory publication 44, Jan 92.
• Farrow S, Banta G, Schallhorn SC, et al. Vasopressin inhibits diuresis induced by water immersion in humans. J Appl. Physiol 1992;73(3):932-6.
• Schallhorn SC: Photorefractive Keratectomy in the Navy. Navy Med 1994;85(1):27-32.
• Schallhorn SC, Blanton CL, et al. Preliminary results of photorefractive keratectomy in active duty U.S. Navy personnel. Ophthalmology 1996;103:5-22.
• Mader TH, Blanton CL, Gilbert BN, Schallhorn SC, et al. Refractive changes during 72 hour exposure to high altitude after refractive surgery. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1188-95.
• Yo C, Schallhorn SC, Dacey, M. No incision cataract surgery. Video Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Vol XIII, issue 1, 1997.
• Schallhorn SC and McDonnell PJ. Refractive Surgery: Past, Present, and Future. In Krachmer, Mannis, and Holland, editors: Cornea, 1st edition, St. Louis, 1997, Mosby.
• Schallhorn SC, Reid JL,. Kaupp SE, Blanton CL, Zoback L, Goforth H Jr., Flowers CW, McDonnell PJ. Topographic detection of photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmology. 105(3):507-16, 1998 Mar.
• Tanzer DJ. Isfahani A. Schallhorn SC. LaBree LD. McDonnell PJ. Photorefractive keratectomy in African Americans including those with known dermatologic keloid formation. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 126(5):625-9, 1998 Nov.
• Blanton CL. Schallhorn SC. Tidwell JL. Radial keratotomy learning curve using the American technique. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery. 24(4):471-6, 1998 Apr.
• Choplin NT. Schallhorn SC. The effect of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia on nerve fiber layer thickness measurements as determined by scanning laser polarimetry. Ophthalmology. 106(5):1019-23, 1999 May.
• Kampmeier J. Tanzer DJ. Schallhorn SC. LaBree L. McDonnell PJ. Significance of corneal topography in predicting patient complaints after photorefractive keratectomy. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery. 25(4):492-9, 1999 Apr.
• Lattimore MR Jr. Kaupp S. Schallhorn S. Lewis R 4th. Orbscan pachymetry: implications of a repeated measures and diurnal variation analysis. Ophthalmology. 106(5):977-81, 1999 May.
• Tanzer DJ. Schallhorn SC. Brown MC. Ejection from an aircraft following photorefractive keratectomy: a case report. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine. 71(10):1057-9, 2000 Oct.
• Kasetsuwan N. Pangilinan RT. Moreira LL. DiMartino DS. Shah SS. Schallhorn SC. McDonnell PJ. Real time intraocular pressure and lamellar corneal flap thickness in keratomileusis. Cornea. 20(1):41-4, 2001 Jan.
• Grimson JM. Schallhorn SC. Kaupp SE. Contrast sensitivity: establishing normative data for use in screening prospective naval pilots. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine. 73(1):28-35, 2002 Jan.
• Amesbury EC, Schallhorn. Contrast sensitivity and limits of vision. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2003 Spring;43(2):31-42.
• Schallhorn SC, Tanzer DJ, Kaupp SE, et al. Pupil size and quality of vision after LASIK. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1606-14.
• Varley GA, Huang D, Rapuano CJ, Schallhorn S, et al. LASIK for hyperopia, hyperopic astigmatism, and mixed astigmatism: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2004 Aug;111(8):1604-17.
• Choplin NT, Schallhorn SC, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements do not change after LASIK for high myopia as measured by scanning laser polarimetry with custom compensation. Ophthalmology. 2005 Jan;112(1):92-7.
• Engle AT, Laurent JM, Schallhorn SC, et al. Masked comparison of silicone hydrogel lotrafilcon A and etafilcon A extended-wear bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005 Apr;31(4):681-6.
• Schallhorn SC. Refractive Surgery: Past, Present, and Future. In Krachmer, Mannis, and Holland, editors: Cornea, 2nd edition, St. Louis, 2005, Mosby.
• Hofmeister EM, Kaupp SE, Schallhorn SC. Comparison of tropicamide and cyclopentolate for cycloplegic refractions in myopic adult refractive surgery patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005 Apr;31(4):694-700.
• Wroblewski KJ, Pasternak JF, Bower KS, Schallhorn SC, et al. Infectious keratitis after photorefractive keratectomy in the United States army and navy. Ophthalmology. 2006 Apr;113(4):520-5.
• Schallhorn SC, Amesbury EC, Tanzer DJ. Avoidance, recognition, and management of LASIK complications. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr;141(4):733-9.
• Laurent J, Schallhorn, et al. Stability of the laser in situ keratomileusis corneal flap in rabbit eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006 Jun;32(6):1046-51.
• Schallhorn SC. Chapter introduction for David J Apple: “Sir Harold Ridley and His Fight for Sight: He Changed the World So That We May Better See It.” Slack 2006, ISBN 10 1-55642-786-7.