Anisometropia

Anisometropia is a vision condition where the two eyes have significantly different refractive powers, causing unequal focus. One eye may be more nearsighted, farsighted, or have more astigmatism than the other. This imbalance can disrupt binocular vision and lead to symptoms like double vision, eye strain, or poor depth perception. If left untreated, it can result in amblyopia (lazy eye), especially in children. Early detection and proper correction are essential for optimal visual outcomes.

Anisometropia is a condition where each eye has a different refractive power.

Types:

• Myopic Anisometropia: One eye is more nearsighted than the other.

• Hyperopic Anisometropia: One eye is more farsighted.

• Mixed Anisometropia: One eye is nearsighted, the other is farsighted.

Anisometropia can affect anyone, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children during routine eye exams. It may also occur in adults due to age-related changes, eye surgery, or trauma. Genetics can play a role, and individuals with a family history of significant refractive errors are at a higher risk. Regular eye checkups are important for early detection, particularly in children, to prevent complications like amblyopia.

• Genetic Factors: Inherited differences in eye shape or size can lead to unequal refractive power.

• Unequal Eye Growth: Developmental changes in childhood may cause one eye to grow differently.

• Cataract Surgery: Post-surgical lens placement or absence of a natural lens can cause refractive imbalance.

• Eye Trauma: Injuries may alter the structure or clarity of one eye, affecting focus.

• Corneal Conditions: Diseases like keratoconus can distort vision in one eye.

• Blurred vision in one or both eyes

• Eyestrain or discomfort, especially during reading or screen time

• Headaches due to unequal eye focus

• Difficulty with depth perception

• Double vision (diplopia) in some cases

• Squinting or closing one eye to see clearly

• Poor school performance or coordination in children

• Eye fatigue after short visual tasks

Treatment for anisometropia aims to correct the vision disparity and restore binocular function. Options include glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery, depending on the degree of difference and patient age. In children, early treatment is crucial to prevent amblyopia. Vision therapy may be recommended in some cases. An eye care professional can determine the best course of action based on the type and severity of anisometropia.