Bloodshot Eyes (Red Eyes)

Bloodshot eyes occur when the small blood vessels on the surface of the eye become enlarged and congested with blood. This gives the white part of the eye a red or pink appearance. While it’s often harmless, bloodshot eyes can also indicate irritation, dryness, or an underlying medical condition that may need attention.

• Dilated or broken superficial blood vessels from eye strain, prolonged screen time, or rubbing

• Environmental irritants — smoke, dust, chemical fumes, chlorinated pools

• Dry-eye syndrome reducing the tear film’s protective layer

• Allergic conjunctivitis releasing histamine and widening vessels

• Infectious conjunctivitis (viral or bacterial “pink eye”) causing inflammation

• Contact-lens overwear or poor hygiene leading to hypoxia and irritation

• Excess alcohol, caffeine, or lack of sleep dilating vessels

• Acute angle-closure glaucoma or eye injury (emergencies needing prompt care)

Eye infections such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), blepharitis, and keratitis are common causes of red eyes. These infections result from bacteria, viruses, or fungi and often lead to redness, irritation, discharge, and discomfort. Prompt treatment with prescribed medications can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Certain medical issues like glaucoma, uveitis, and scleritis can lead to persistent or severe eye redness. These conditions may be associated with pain, vision changes, or light sensitivity. If bloodshot eyes are accompanied by these symptoms, it may indicate a more serious underlying condition requiring medical evaluation.

• Redness or visible blood vessels in the white part of the eye

• Mild to severe eye irritation or discomfort

• Itching or burning sensation

• Watery or dry eyes

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Slight swelling or puffiness around the eyes

• Blurred vision or difficulty focusing (in some cases)

• Feeling of a foreign body or grit in the eye

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For minor irritation or dryness, over-the-counter lubricating eye drops may help. Allergies might require antihistamine drops, while infections often need prescription medication. Avoiding irritants, resting your eyes, and applying cold compresses can also provide relief.

See a doctor if redness persists for more than a few days, is accompanied by pain, vision changes, or light sensitivity, or if there is significant discharge. These symptoms can signal a more serious issue like an infection, injury, or an eye disease that needs prompt attention.

To prevent bloodshot eyes, take regular screen breaks, get enough sleep, avoid smoking or smoke exposure, and protect your eyes from allergens or irritants. Use protective eyewear when necessary and keep your eyes hydrated with artificial tears, especially in dry environments or during allergy season.