Color Vision Deficiency

Color vision deficiency, commonly referred to as color blindness, is the inability or reduced ability to perceive colors accurately. It occurs when the cones in the retina, responsible for color detection, do not function properly. Most cases involve difficulty distinguishing between red and green, though other types include trouble with blue and yellow.

• Causes: Color vision deficiency is typically inherited and occurs more frequently in males due to the X-linked genetic pattern. Non-genetic causes include damage to the eye or optic nerve, exposure to certain chemicals, aging, or diseases such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy.
• Symptoms: The primary symptom is difficulty in differentiating certain colors, most commonly red and green. Some individuals may not realize they have color vision deficiency until they undergo a vision test. In severe cases, total color blindness (achromatopsia) may occur, where no colors are perceived at all.
• Treatment: There is no cure for inherited color vision deficiency, but tools like special lenses or filters may improve color perception for some people. Education and adaptive strategies, such as labeling items or using apps designed to assist with color identification, can help individuals cope with this condition.