Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva—the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. It can cause the eye to appear pink or red due to inflamed blood vessels. While often mild and easily treatable, conjunctivitis can be highly contagious depending on its cause and should be properly diagnosed for effective care.

• Viral infections are the most common cause, often linked to colds or respiratory infections.

• Bacterial infections can also lead to conjunctivitis, causing redness and pus discharge.

• Allergies from pollen, dust, or pet dander trigger allergic conjunctivitis.

• Exposure to irritants like smoke, chlorine, or chemicals can inflame the eye.

• Contact lens use or poor hygiene increases risk of infection.

• Foreign bodies in the eye may also cause conjunctivitis.

• Redness in one or both eyes

• Itching or burning sensation

• Watery or thick discharge, which may be clear, yellow, or green

• Gritty feeling, like something is in the eye

• Swollen eyelids or sensitivity to light

• Crusting of eyelids, especially after sleep

• Blurred vision due to discharge or irritation

• Increased tearing or watery eyes

• Identify the type: viral, bacterial, or allergic conjunctivitis.

• Keep hands clean; avoid touching or rubbing eyes.

• Use a clean, warm compress to soothe irritation.

• For bacterial cases, use prescribed antibiotic eye drops or ointments.

• Avoid contact lenses until fully healed.

• For allergic conjunctivitis, use antihistamine or anti-inflammatory eye drops.

• Maintain good hygiene to prevent spread.

• Consult a doctor if symptoms worsen or persist beyond a week.

Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with the common cold and spreads through coughing or sneezing. It produces a watery discharge and usually clears without treatment. Bacterial conjunctivitis, on the other hand, causes thicker discharge and may affect one or both eyes. It often requires antibiotics to resolve. A professional diagnosis helps distinguish between the two for proper treatment.

Seek medical attention if symptoms persist beyond a few days, worsen, or if there is severe eye pain, sensitivity to light, or blurred vision. Newborns, contact lens wearers, or those with weakened immune systems should consult a doctor promptly. Timely treatment can prevent complications and reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.

To reduce transmission, wash hands frequently, avoid touching your eyes, and do not share towels, pillows, or makeup. Disinfect surfaces and discard contaminated items like contact lenses or eye makeup. Children with infectious conjunctivitis should stay home from school until symptoms improve. Practicing good hygiene is key to controlling outbreaks.

Allergic conjunctivitis can be seasonal or perennial, triggered by allergens like pollen, mold, or pet dander. Managing it involves avoiding known allergens, using lubricating eye drops, and taking antihistamines as recommended. In severe cases, prescription anti-inflammatory eye drops may be needed. Keeping windows closed and using air filters can also minimize exposure.