Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva—the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball. It can cause the eye to appear pink or red due to inflamed blood vessels. While often mild and easily treatable, conjunctivitis can be highly contagious depending on its cause and should be properly diagnosed for effective care.
Conjunctivitis can result from viruses, bacteria, allergens, irritants like smoke or chlorine, or even contact lenses. Viral and bacterial infections are highly contagious, while allergic conjunctivitis stems from environmental triggers like pollen, pet dander, or dust. Irritant-induced conjunctivitis occurs when foreign substances affect the eyes. Identifying the cause is crucial to choosing the right treatment and preventing recurrence.
Common symptoms include redness, itching, a gritty feeling in the eye, excessive tearing, and discharge that may form a crust overnight. Viral conjunctivitis often produces watery discharge, while bacterial conjunctivitis can cause thicker, yellow or green mucus. Allergic conjunctivitis typically involves intense itching, swelling, and both eyes being affected simultaneously.
Treatment depends on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a week or two. Bacterial conjunctivitis may require antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Allergic conjunctivitis is best managed with antihistamines or avoiding triggers. For irritant-related cases, flushing the eyes with water and avoiding further exposure often helps. Always consult an eye specialist before using any medication.
Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with the common cold and spreads through coughing or sneezing. It produces a watery discharge and usually clears without treatment. Bacterial conjunctivitis, on the other hand, causes thicker discharge and may affect one or both eyes. It often requires antibiotics to resolve. A professional diagnosis helps distinguish between the two for proper treatment.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist beyond a few days, worsen, or if there is severe eye pain, sensitivity to light, or blurred vision. Newborns, contact lens wearers, or those with weakened immune systems should consult a doctor promptly. Timely treatment can prevent complications and reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.
To reduce transmission, wash hands frequently, avoid touching your eyes, and do not share towels, pillows, or makeup. Disinfect surfaces and discard contaminated items like contact lenses or eye makeup. Children with infectious conjunctivitis should stay home from school until symptoms improve. Practicing good hygiene is key to controlling outbreaks.
Allergic conjunctivitis can be seasonal or perennial, triggered by allergens like pollen, mold, or pet dander. Managing it involves avoiding known allergens, using lubricating eye drops, and taking antihistamines as recommended. In severe cases, prescription anti-inflammatory eye drops may be needed. Keeping windows closed and using air filters can also minimize exposure.
