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Corneal Dystrophy


Corneal dystrophy refers to a group of genetic, often progressive, eye disorders that affect the clarity of the cornea. These conditions typically cause the cornea to lose its transparency due to the accumulation of foreign material or the abnormal development of corneal cells. Corneal dystrophies can occur in one or more layers of the cornea and may affect both eyes.

  • Causes: Corneal dystrophy is usually inherited, though some forms can arise spontaneously. It results from mutations in genes responsible for maintaining the health and structure of the corneal layers. Different types of corneal dystrophies are classified based on the part of the cornea affected, such as epithelial, stromal, or endothelial dystrophy.
  • Symptoms: Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the dystrophy. Some individuals may experience blurred vision, light sensitivity, or eye discomfort, while others may remain asymptomatic for years. As the condition progresses, vision impairment can worsen, and patients may notice recurring episodes of pain, particularly if the corneal epithelium becomes eroded.
  • Treatment: Treatment depends on the specific type and severity of the corneal dystrophy. In mild cases, lubricating eye drops or ointments may provide relief from dryness or discomfort. In more advanced cases, procedures such as corneal transplantation, phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), or other surgical interventions may be necessary to restore vision.

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