Corneal Ulcer

A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. It typically results from an infection, often due to bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Corneal ulcers are serious eye conditions that can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage to the eye.

• Caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

• Often result from eye injuries or trauma, including scratches.

• Contact lens misuse or poor hygiene is a common trigger.

• Dry eyes or eyelid problems can increase risk.

• Underlying eye diseases or immune system disorders contribute.

• Exposure to contaminated water or foreign objects may lead to ulcers.

Prompt treatment is essential to prevent vision loss.

• Redness and inflammation in the eye

• Severe eye pain or discomfort

• Excessive tearing or discharge

• Blurred or decreased vision

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Feeling of a foreign body or grit in the eye

• Swelling of the eyelids

• White or grayish spot visible on the cornea

• Eye redness that worsens over time

Eye doctors diagnose corneal ulcers through a thorough eye examination, including the use of fluorescein dye to highlight the ulcer. A slit-lamp microscope helps examine the cornea in detail. In some cases, samples may be taken from the eye to identify the specific cause of the infection. Quick and accurate diagnosis is vital for effective treatment and to prevent vision complications.

• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss.

• Antibiotic or antifungal eye drops are commonly prescribed based on infection type.

• Cycloplegic drops help reduce pain and prevent iris adhesions.

• In severe cases, oral medications or injectable antibiotics may be necessary.

• Avoid wearing contact lenses during treatment.

• Surgical options like corneal transplant may be required if ulcers don’t heal.

• Follow-up care ensures proper healing and prevents complications.

If left untreated, corneal ulcers can lead to serious complications including corneal scarring, perforation, vision loss, or even loss of the eye. The infection can spread quickly, causing irreversible damage. Prompt medical care can prevent these risks and protect your vision. Even minor symptoms should not be ignored, as ulcers can progress rapidly.

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience sudden eye pain, redness, blurry vision, or light sensitivity—especially if you wear contact lenses. A white spot on the cornea or discharge from the eye are also warning signs. Early intervention is key to preventing vision damage and speeding up recovery from a corneal ulcer.

Prevention involves maintaining good eye hygiene, especially for contact lens users. Always wash hands before handling lenses, avoid overnight wear, and use proper lens cleaning solutions. Protective eyewear should be worn during sports or activities that pose a risk to the eyes. Managing dry eyes or eyelid conditions can also reduce the risk of ulcers developing.