Diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes elevated blood sugar levels due to the body’s inability to produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that regulates glucose in the blood. There are several types of diabetes, but the two primary forms are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, often developing in childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes is the more common form and typically occurs in adulthood when the body becomes resistant to insulin or fails to produce sufficient amounts. Over time, poorly managed diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision loss. Diabetic eye complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, are a leading cause of blindness globally. Lifestyle factors, including poor diet and lack of physical activity, are linked to Type 2 diabetes, while genetics play a role in both types.

• Causes: Type 1 diabetes is believed to be caused by genetic and environmental factors that trigger the immune system to attack insulin-producing cells. Type 2 diabetes develops due to a combination of lifestyle factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet, and genetic predisposition.
• Symptoms: Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, extreme hunger, fatigue, blurry vision, slow-healing sores, and unexplained weight loss. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to vision problems, kidney disease, nerve damage, and cardiovascular issues.
• Treatment: Managing diabetes involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet and regular exercise, and medication. For Type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy is essential. Type 2 diabetes can often be managed through oral medications, although some patients may eventually require insulin. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial. Eye care, including annual eye exams, is necessary to prevent diabetic eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy.