High Eye Pressure (Ocular Hypertension)

Ocular hypertension refers to a condition where the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP) is higher than normal but without signs of glaucoma or optic nerve damage. Normal eye pressure ranges between 10 and 21 mm Hg. If your IOP exceeds this range, it’s considered high. While not a disease itself, ocular hypertension can increase the risk of developing glaucoma, making early detection and monitoring important.

Aqueous humor is the clear fluid inside your eye that maintains eye shape and nourishes tissues. It’s produced by the ciliary body and flows through the pupil into the front chamber of the eye, eventually draining through the trabecular meshwork. When the balance between fluid production and drainage is disrupted—either by overproduction or poor drainage—it can lead to elevated intraocular pressure, contributing to ocular hypertension.

Certain factors can increase your risk of developing ocular hypertension. These include age (over 40), a family history of glaucoma, being of African or Hispanic descent, having thin corneas, or a history of eye trauma. Other contributors include long-term steroid use and certain health conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Identifying risk factors early helps eye care professionals monitor and manage potential vision issues more effectively.

• Increased production of aqueous humor (fluid inside the eye) can raise eye pressure.

• Reduced drainage or blockage in the eye’s drainage canals leads to fluid buildup.

• Age-related changes can decrease fluid outflow efficiency.

• Eye injuries or trauma can affect the eye’s fluid balance.

• Use of corticosteroid medications may increase intraocular pressure.

• Certain medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure may contribute.

• Genetic factors can also increase susceptibility to ocular hypertension.

• Early identification of symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and better outcomes.

• Common signs may include changes in behavior, mood swings, or physical discomfort.

• Symptoms can vary depending on the condition but often involve persistent or worsening signs.

• Awareness and observation by family, friends, or individuals themselves play a vital role.

• Seeking professional advice as soon as symptoms are noticed helps prevent complications.

• Don’t ignore subtle signs; early recognition can lead to effective treatment and recovery.

High eye pressure is detected through a comprehensive eye exam, which includes tonometry to measure intraocular pressure. Additional tests may assess corneal thickness (pachymetry), optic nerve health, and visual field changes. These diagnostic tools help determine whether elevated IOP is putting you at risk for glaucoma, allowing for timely management and treatment if necessary.

• Ocular hypertension refers to higher-than-normal pressure inside the eye without signs of glaucoma.

• Treatment aims to lower eye pressure to prevent optic nerve damage and vision loss.

• Common options include medicated eye drops such as prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

• Laser therapy like selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is used if medications are insufficient.

• In rare cases, surgery may be recommended to improve fluid drainage.

• Regular monitoring by an eye specialist is essential to adjust treatment and protect vision.