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Hordeolum (Stye)


A hordeolum, commonly known as a stye, is a painful, red bump that forms on the edge of the eyelid. It occurs when an oil gland or hair follicle on the eyelid becomes infected, usually by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. There are two types of hordeolums: external, which occur on the outside of the eyelid, and internal, which form on the inner side of the eyelid. While styes are not typically serious, they can cause significant discomfort, swelling, and irritation. They generally go away on their own within a week or two, but proper hygiene and treatment can help speed up the healing process.

  • Causes: Styes are caused by bacterial infections, usually when bacteria enter the eyelid's oil glands or hair follicles. Risk factors include poor eyelid hygiene, frequent touching or rubbing of the eyes, using expired or contaminated cosmetics, and having certain skin conditions like blepharitis or rosacea.
  • Symptoms: Symptoms of a stye include a painful, swollen lump near the edge of the eyelid, redness, tenderness, tearing, and sometimes a yellowish discharge if the stye ruptures. The affected eyelid may also be swollen, and the eye may feel gritty or irritated.
  • Treatment: Styes typically resolve on their own, but warm compresses applied to the eyelid several times a day can help speed up the drainage and healing process. Over-the-counter pain relievers and antibiotic ointments may also be recommended. If the stye does not improve or becomes more severe, a doctor may drain it or prescribe antibiotics. Maintaining good eyelid hygiene and avoiding rubbing the eyes can help prevent future styes.

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