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Intraocular Pressure (IOP)


What Is Intraocular Pressure (IOP)?

Intraocular pressure (IOP) refers to the fluid pressure inside the eye, maintained by the balance of aqueous humor production and drainage. Normal IOP ranges from 10 to 21 mmHg. High IOP can increase the risk of glaucoma, while low IOP may indicate eye injury or disease. Regular eye exams help monitor IOP and detect issues early.


Importance of IOP in Eye Health

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial for maintaining eye shape and function. Balanced IOP supports optic nerve health, while high or low levels can lead to vision problems. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, potentially causing optic nerve damage and vision loss. Regular eye exams help monitor IOP and prevent complications.


Causes of Increased/Decreased Intraocular Pressure

Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuates due to factors like fluid imbalance in the eye, drainage issues, injury, medications, or conditions like glaucoma. Increased IOP can result from excess aqueous humor production or poor drainage, while decreased IOP may stem from eye trauma or post-surgical effects. Monitoring IOP is essential for eye health.


Symptoms of High/Low Intraocular Pressure

High intraocular pressure (IOP) may cause eye pain, headaches, blurred vision, or halos around lights, often linked to glaucoma. Low IOP symptoms include vision changes, eye discomfort, or a sunken appearance, usually after surgery or injury. Both conditions can affect eye health and vision if untreated. Regular eye exams are essential for detection.


Treatment Options for Intraocular Pressure

Treatment for intraocular pressure (IOP) includes prescription eye drops to reduce fluid buildup, oral medications, and laser therapy like trabeculoplasty to improve drainage. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as trabeculectomy or drainage implants may be needed. Managing IOP is crucial in preventing optic nerve damage and vision loss, especially in glaucoma patients.


When to See a Doctor for Intraocular Pressure?

See a doctor for intraocular pressure (IOP) if you experience eye pain, headaches, blurry vision, halos around lights, or vision loss. High IOP can indicate glaucoma, which may lead to permanent damage if untreated. Regular eye exams are essential, especially for those with risk factors like age, family history, or certain medications.

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