Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is a condition where one of the veins in the retina becomes blocked. This blockage restricts blood flow, leading to damage in the affected area of the retina, which can result in vision problems. BRVO often occurs in one eye and is more common in individuals over the age of 50.

• High blood pressure (Hypertension): The most common cause, leading to damage and narrowing of retinal veins.

• Atherosclerosis: Hardening of arteries compresses veins, restricting blood flow.

• Diabetes: Increases risk due to blood vessel damage.

• Glaucoma: Elevated eye pressure can affect retinal circulation.

• Blood clotting disorders: Increase the chance of vein blockage.

• Age: More common in people over 50 years.

• Inflammation of retinal vessels: Can contribute to vein occlusion.

• High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most common risk factor for BRVO.

• Diabetes mellitus increases the risk by damaging blood vessels.

• Age, especially over 50, raises susceptibility to BRVO.

• Glaucoma and other eye conditions can contribute to impaired blood flow.

• Smoking negatively affects vascular health and increases risk.

• High cholesterol and atherosclerosis cause blood vessel narrowing.

• Obesity and sedentary lifestyle also play a role in developing BRVO.

• Sudden or gradual vision loss in one eye

• Blurred or distorted vision

• Dark spots or floaters in the visual field

• Partial loss of peripheral vision

• Difficulty seeing in low light conditions

• Visual disturbances that may worsen over time

In some cases, no symptoms are noticed initially

BRVO can cause a range of visual disturbances, from blurred vision to more severe vision loss. The blockage prevents blood and oxygen from reaching the retinal tissue, causing swelling and leakage of fluid. If left untreated, the condition can lead to permanent vision damage and even blindness, especially if it affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision.

To diagnose BRVO, an eye doctor will perform a comprehensive eye exam, including a visual acuity test and a dilated eye exam to inspect the retina. Additional imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the retinal damage.

• Anti-VEGF Injections: Help reduce macular edema and improve vision by blocking abnormal blood vessel growth.

• Steroid Injections: Reduce inflammation and swelling in the retina.

• Laser Therapy: Used to seal leaking blood vessels and prevent further vision loss.

• Managing Underlying Conditions: Controlling high blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol to prevent worsening.

• Regular Monitoring: Frequent eye exams to track progression and adjust treatment accordingly.