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Hyphema


Hyphema is the presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, the space between the cornea and the iris. This condition usually results from trauma to the eye, which causes blood vessels in the iris or surrounding tissues to rupture. The severity of a hyphema can vary, from a small amount of blood visible only under a microscope to a large amount that can partially or completely block vision. Hyphema is considered a medical emergency, as it can increase intraocular pressure and lead to serious complications such as glaucoma or permanent vision loss if not treated promptly.

  • Causes: Hyphema is most often caused by blunt trauma to the eye, such as a blow from a ball or fist, car accidents, or falls. Other causes include eye surgery, bleeding disorders, or certain medical conditions like sickle cell anemia. Hyphema can also occur spontaneously in people with abnormal blood vessel growth (neovascularization) or as a result of eye diseases like uveitis.
  • Symptoms: The main symptom of hyphema is the visible presence of blood in the front part of the eye, which may appear as a reddish tint or, in severe cases, a pool of blood that partially or fully obscures vision. Other symptoms can include pain, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and an increase in intraocular pressure.
  • Treatment: Treatment for hyphema focuses on reducing intraocular pressure, preventing further bleeding, and protecting vision. In mild cases, rest, wearing an eye shield, and using eye drops to control inflammation may be sufficient. More severe cases may require medication to lower eye pressure, and in some cases, surgery to remove the blood. Avoiding strenuous activity and sleeping with the head elevated can help prevent further bleeding. Regular monitoring by an eye specialist is critical to ensure proper healing and to prevent complications like glaucoma.

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